will jump by more than 26 percent by 2050, with underserved communities shouldering the greatest burden. New research shows with sea-level rise and increasing development in coastal areas, the annual cost of flooding in the U.S. experienced 20 extreme weather and climate-related disaster events causing a total of $145 billion in disaster costs, the third-highest year on record. economy, these areas are increasingly being affected by flooding and other coastal hazards. While 40 percent of Americans call the coast home and coastal communities contribute $9.5 trillion in goods and services annually to the U.S. Contact him (904)530-6351.Coastal communities and ecosystems are under threat from rising sea-levels, more intense storms, and changing rainfall patterns. Taylor Clem is the County Extension Director and Horticulture Extension Agent for UF/IFAS Extension Nassau County. You may reach out to the Nassau County Master Gardener volunteers at You may also view and register for all our upcoming programs at Dr. If you have any questions about your Florida-friendly landscaping or any other horticulture questions, please reach out to our county extension office and Master Gardener volunteers. Although popping in folklore or literature, be mindful of the Fairy Rings that may pop up in your yard. This unique relationship between fungi and plants is one of the millions of ways these two kingdoms interact. Applications of fungicide can help inhibit the fungus, but it won’t help in the recovery of the dark green rings or turfgrass dead spots.īe on your guard as you wander through your yard or woods and be sure you do not get trapped in a Fairy Ring, otherwise, you may end up dancing unceasingly or dealing with a dead spot in your landscape. Afterward, apply a soil-wetting agent and water the ring daily to allow the area to begin to recover. The aeration and breaking up of the soil help destroy the mycelium. The fungi’s mycelium encapsulates the soil particles, which repels the moisture. Aerating and breaking up the soil helps correct type one Fairy Rings. Although it could be worth intervening for type one rings, especially if turfgrass damage is occurring. In most situations, Fairy Rings disappear on their own after a couple years. You may also remove them by hand and dispose of them in the trash. Removal could be as simple as cutting them up with the lawn mower. Many times the mushrooms associated with Fairy Rings are toxic so it's worth removing the mushrooms if you are concerned about ingestion from a child or animal. A little bit of fertilizer could help blend the discoloration of the turfgrasses together in a type two ring. Usually, no control is necessary for Fairy Rings, unless you have a type one ring. Damage is usually limited to type one rings. Type three rings have no dead zone or darker circle, just a ring of mushrooms. Type two rings are circular rings where the turfgrass seems to grow quicker and mushrooms may or may not be present. This causes the turfgrass within the circular area to die – a dead zone. Type one rings cause the soil to become hydrophobic (repels water). There are three types of Fairy Rings in the landscape. These rings will not always impact turfgrass, sometimes the damage is done indirectly to turfgrass. They erupt from the soil in a circular pattern, usually during our most moist time of year. Then, almost simultaneously, the fungi may begin to fruit, producing mushrooms. These can include logs, twigs, tree stumps, leaves and even turfgrass roots and their thatch. The basidiomycete fungi slowly consume organic matter within the soil. Despite it being a pest, I did get excited to see it because, well, it’s a Fairy Ring! But what are they?įairy Rings are the growth of fungi within the soil, specifically types of basidiomycete fungi. Over the weekend I spotted a small one in my neighborhood. It is important to note, I have stepped inside a Fairy Ring and did not fall under a dancing charm.įairy Rings, despite their fantastical name, can be a problematic pest to our landscapes – specifically turfgrass. If a human steps inside the ring they endlessly dance until they go mad. The mushrooms became places for the fairies and elves to rest. English, Celtic, French, and Scandinavian folklore identify these rings as places created by dancing fairies and elves. They can be found throughout our environment. These rings are predominantly circular collections of mushrooms. Puck, a servant to Oberon (King of the Fairies) meets a fairy at the beginning of Act II, Scene One of Shakespeare’s “A Midsummer Night’s Dream.” Puck, also known as Robin Goodfellow, is speaking with the fairy when she states, “And I serve the Fairy Queen (Titania), to dew her orbs upon the green.” In this phrase, the fairy is referring to a Fairy Ring.Ī “Fairy Ring” pops up throughout history including its depiction in art and literature.
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